INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE
Poetry, short story, novel, drama and film
Submitted as assignment Final Examination
Compiled By:
Wahyudi (2109100049)
ENGLISH
EDUCATION PROGRAM
FACULTY
OF TEACHERS’ TRAINING AND EDUCATION SCIENCE
GALUH
UNIVERSITY
2011
Who Is She Coming
Cino
da Pistoia (1270-1336) (tr.D.G. Rosseti)
Who
is she coming, whom all gaze upon,
Who
makes the air all tremulous with light,
And
at whose side is Love himself ?that none
Dare
speak, but each man’s sigh are infinite.
Ah
me !how she looks round from left to right,
Let
Love discourse: I may not speak thereon.
Lady
she seems of such high bension
As
makes all others graceless in men’s sight.
The
honor which is hers cannot be said;
To
whom are subject all things nbeauteos own her deity.
Ne’er
was to mind of man so nobly led,
Nor
yet was such redemption granted us
That
should ever know her perfectly.
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
By Christopher Marlowe
By Christopher Marlowe
Come live with me
and be my Love,
And we will all the pleasures prove
That hills and valleys, dale and field,
Or woods, steepy mountains yield.
And we will all the pleasures prove
That hills and valleys, dale and field,
Or woods, steepy mountains yield.
Where will we sit
upon the rocks
And see the shepherds feed their flocks,
By shallow rivers, to whose falls
Melodious birds sing madrigals.
And see the shepherds feed their flocks,
By shallow rivers, to whose falls
Melodious birds sing madrigals.
And I will make thee
beds of roses
Andthen a thousand fragrant posies
A cap of flowers, and a kirtle,
Embroined all with leaves of myrtle;
Andthen a thousand fragrant posies
A cap of flowers, and a kirtle,
Embroined all with leaves of myrtle;
A gown made of the finest wool
Which from our pretty lambs we pull,
Slippers, lined choicely for the cold,
With buckles of the purest gold.
Which from our pretty lambs we pull,
Slippers, lined choicely for the cold,
With buckles of the purest gold.
A belt of straw and ivy buds
With coral clasps and amber studs:
And if these pleasures may thee move,
Come live with me and be my Love
With coral clasps and amber studs:
And if these pleasures may thee move,
Come live with me and be my Love
Thy silver dishes,
for thy meat
As precious as the gods do eat,
Shall on an ivory table be
Prepared each day for thee and me.
As precious as the gods do eat,
Shall on an ivory table be
Prepared each day for thee and me.
The
shepherd swains shall dance and sing
For thy delight each May-morning:
If these delights thy mind may move,
Come live with me and be my Love.
For thy delight each May-morning:
If these delights thy mind may move,
Come live with me and be my Love.
A.Who is she coming
1).Lady she seems of such high bension
In
this stanza the poet descripts the woman like superior person and she is an
extraordinary woman who can make every man love her.
2). that should ever know her perfectly.
It
is mean evaluation woman is not enough seeing her beauty only, but we must
seeing inner beauty a woman so we can decide she is a perfectly woman after know her personally.
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
1).That hills and valleys, dale and field
The poet implies that the entire
geography of the countryside of England Valleys, groves, hills and fields will
prove to contain pleasure of all kinds for the lovers.
2).Melodious birds sing madrigals.
The stanza means birds sing descript
him love and they singing imagine about him feeling to her.
B. Beauty Of The Language
“Who
is she coming” is an expression of a big admires the object as a superior
person. The writer takes words of similes such as; “such a high bension”,”as
redemption granted” and to express her personality. She is an extraordinary
one. Who can makes the air tremulous with light. And her makes every man loves
her, and makes all others woman graceless on men’s sight on time. The writer
describes the woman as a interesting one.
In the “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”, the poet takes similes and metaphors to
describe his feeling on hat time. With them, he tried to make the woman agree
with his invitation. He takes words and phrases which expressing a good time,
comfort, and beautiful. They are “madrigal songs”, ”bird singing”, “myrtle”,
“pretty lambs”, “gold”, Finest gown”, “as precious as good”, etc. all the words
and phrases are use to be his mate.
Moral values
This is love poem “Who is
she coming”. Mean that common people love some one by seeing appearance
only. Mostly people think that something nice and beautiful is suitable and fit
for them. And try to have it with all consequently. Cino da Pistoia tried to
tell us that people have wrong perception about a woman. He wrote “That should
ever know her perfectly”. It means evaluation a woman is not enough with seeing
her beauty only. And what her loks like is not a guarantee to give us
happiness. And the most important is something inside. Characters and education
are more valuable than proportion of organs. Although, it is a fact if the
writer said that the woman is very interesting.
“The
Passionate Shepherd to His Love”, tells us show how big his desire to have her. This is love poem. There
is nothing important poetry, except about his feeling to make her to be his
love. Everything is made and created only for her. He really wants to make her
his soul mate. So, that is no room to describe something else, especially
information about the woman.
Writer approaches
“Who is she coming”, it gives us
emotion while read its couplet. At the beginning, it created a feeling to pay
attention more carefully. It created a big desire to build a curious minds
completing and collecting all the information about her as much as possible.
But at the end, all the desire and curiousness is disappear with “That should
ever know her perfectly”. It is a quite unstable emotion to the readers.
In
the “The Passionate Shepherd to His Love”, l get a quite stable emotion in every couplet. From the beginning,
the poet always expresses his persuasion only. It happens till the end of the
poetry.
Short Story
“To
Build A Fire”by(Charles E. May)
In the story, "To Build AFire", the protagonist has to
accept that he was not invincible, but a human with a weakness. The man may
have been psychologically apt in his own eye but weak against nature and
the physical elements. The protagonist displayed defiance in authority when he
"laughed" at the advice of the Old-Timer on Sculpture Creek when he
told him how cold it gets in the country. The protagonist felt he had
everything under control when he made the first fire to keep warm in spite of
the numbness of his fingers. The test of egos and wills began to surface when
the man was ready to move on and the dog wanted to stay near the fire. However,
just as "there was no keen intimacy between the dog and the man" the
dog would be the protagonist Constant companion until the man's death.
The man had to accept that the "fire provider had failed"when he did not have control of his frozen fingers or the building of the fire. Nature had defeated him. The idea in the protagonist wanted to kill the dog to keep himself warm. But the ego along with the man's inability to "neither draw nor hold his sheath knife"caused him not to be able to kill the dog. The aura of death was prevalent. Realizing that he no longer had dominion over his own body as well as accepting his making a "fool of himself"he had to accept the inevitable. Not only did he have to accept death, he had to acknowledge that the Old-Timer was right when warning him about traveling alone.
Ironically, while the man was dying, he was angry at the dog because of its natural warmth, instincts that he had, and the survival skills that the dog used. Those were the elements that the man lacked. It was a shame that the protagonist had to suffer and die in order to find out that man's frail body cannot withstand nature's harsh elements in spite of his over-confident, psychological strength.
The man had to accept that the "fire provider had failed"when he did not have control of his frozen fingers or the building of the fire. Nature had defeated him. The idea in the protagonist wanted to kill the dog to keep himself warm. But the ego along with the man's inability to "neither draw nor hold his sheath knife"caused him not to be able to kill the dog. The aura of death was prevalent. Realizing that he no longer had dominion over his own body as well as accepting his making a "fool of himself"he had to accept the inevitable. Not only did he have to accept death, he had to acknowledge that the Old-Timer was right when warning him about traveling alone.
Ironically, while the man was dying, he was angry at the dog because of its natural warmth, instincts that he had, and the survival skills that the dog used. Those were the elements that the man lacked. It was a shame that the protagonist had to suffer and die in order to find out that man's frail body cannot withstand nature's harsh elements in spite of his over-confident, psychological strength.
Novel
The Pearl
a).
Social Issue
In my opinion after I red the pearl novel, Kino and his people are descendants of the Indian race while the doctor,
pearl buyers and trackers are from the Mexican race. Kino and his people are
poor fishermen and pearl divers, who live in the brush houses in the fishing
village. On the other hand, the Spanish-Mexicans are pearl traders, shop
owners, professionals and live a more comfortable life in the city. Kino
and his people live as neighbours and are close- knit. Kino’sneighbours are
very friendly to his families; they always help to him while Kinowas suffering.whenkino
want to sell the pearl the neighbours accompany him to the town to sell it.
b). Politic Issue
After
I red the novel, I found politic issue when kino want to medicine his son to
the doctor but the doctor no want to medicine his son because kino and the
doctor have different race. The doctor just to medicine people if they have
same race, he want to medicine only rich people but kino is poor people.the
doctor want to medicine his son if kino want to sell his pearl to him.
c). Life Dimension
Ø Helpful :Appolonia always helps kino and his family when
they are adversity.
Ø Loyalties : it’s proof when kino want to sell his pearl
kinoneighbours accompany him to the buyer.
Ø Friendly
Ø Respectful
Ø Polite
“The Old Man and the Sea”
a). Social
Issue
There is one main social issue in The
Old Man and the Sea. The biggest social is the fact that the villagers did
not like the Old Man just because he was down on his luck and was not catching
any fish. There was not really any reason for them to look down on him, because
he had not been cruel to any of them or mean. He was nice to all of them, was
very patient with them, and showed them every kindness. He did nothing against
any of them, waved to everyone he saw, stayed out of the way of other people,
and was just a good guy in general.
The rest of the villagers looked down on
the Old Man because he had not been able to catch any fish recently. The Old
Man had been out of luck lately, and no fish had come near him so that he might
have even had the chance of catching any, so none of it was even his fault. He
had done nothing wrong, he had just not caught anything, so there was no reason
for the villagers to dislike him.
Some of the villagers, the Boy in
particular, had nothing against the Old Man, because the Old Man had done
nothing wrong and had even taught the Boy how to fish. The Boy really liked the
Old Man, and did everything that he could to help him. The Boy's parents
though, looked down on the Old Man, because he had not been able to catch
anything. They even made the Boy go fish with a different company, because the
Old Man had been unlucky. The Boy's parents did not like the Old Man, but there
was no apparent reason for their dislike of the Old Man.
b). Politic issue
Manolin doesn’t
want to leave Santiago, because he is Santiago’s close friend and if he always
together him, he feel at the 85th day will be lucky for him because
Santiago will get big marlin.
c). Life dimension
Ø Friendly :pedrico is the owner of the wine shop who is
friendly.
Ø Loyalties : mandolin is a boy santiago’s close friend who
is also kind hearted and friendly.
Ø Powerful : Santiago is the hero of story.
What is short story?
Short story is a “short piece of fiction aiming at unity of
characterization, theme and effect.Therefore, a short form, it is shown by the short story is
just a part of life experienced by the character.
What is novel?
Novel is a story with a long groove fills a book or more, which
make up human life, which are imaginative, telling people's lives up to the
conflict that can cause changes in the fate of the perpetrators.
Similarities and Differences
betweennovelsand short stories are as follows:
·
Similarities: both represent the new prose
literature.
·
Differences:
Ø In the novel,
characterization is described in detail, whereas in the story, characterization
is described in brief.
Ø The novel has a plot more
complicated, whereas in the story, the end of the story is simple.
Ø Inner conflict in the novel,
while in the short story should not happen.
Ø In the novel, the background
is more extensive and longer time, whereas in the story, setting only a short
and limited.
Ø The novel is longer than the
short story essay, short story shorter, while his compositions.
Ø Story elements in the novel
is more complex and diverse than short stories, while the story elements in the
story is relatively simple and a single definite.
Film
Freedom writer’s
film.
Freedom Writers is a movie adaptation
of the true story of the struggle of a teacher.Narrated, Erin Gruwell, an
idealistic college-educated woman, came to Woodrow Wilson High School as an
English teacher for a special class of children victims of racial gang fights. Erin is very noble mission, to provide proper education
for troubled kids that even the more experienced teachers are reluctant to
teach them.
But reality is not
always what they think about Erin . On the
first day of teaching, he realized that the gang war happening in the city is
also carried through into the classroom. In the classroom they sit in groups
according to their respective races. No one wants to sit in different racial
groups. Small misunderstandings that occur in the classroom can lead to
interracial fights.
From the diaries that,
Erin understands that he must make the
students aware that they are experiencing gang war is not everything in the
world. Through a unique way of teaching, he was trying to make the students
aware that the education they will be able to achieve a better life. Despite
all his efforts were not supported by fellow teachers and other school parties,
Erin continues to advance. In fact, he's willing to sacrifice his spare time
moonlighting for the purchase ofbooksthat are useful for their student.
The result, his
students learn the spirit re-emerged. Finally, many of the students in the
class of Erin Gruwel who became the first of their families who continue their
education into college. Diaries that they wrote was published into a book
titled 'The Freedom Writers Diary'.
Critical analysis
I think the film is
not selling a dream From Zero to Hero, but more showing how one person who
cares about the education of children who are regarded as the dregs of society
are able to change them to become more useful.
Freedom Writers has a
storyline that is easy to understand and also easy to understand dialogue.
Problems-problems adolescents featured in the film are also quite close to the
problems teenagers in general, about the search for identity and violations of
rules for bracing his own existence. All Things are
wrapped in a gang war.
Freedom Writers can be said is a film
for young children. In the middle many teen movie whose story is not far away
from love stories, comedy or horror, Freedom Writers could be an option for
young people who do not just want to be entertained, but also get some lessons
from the film.
Moral value
After I watch this film, we can take the
messages “the differenceis not thereasonfor thehostile,
butwith adifference,wemuststilluphold theunity and integrityand
don't make prohibitive difference for us when choose friend because with that
differences we can mutually complete”.
DRAMA
Drama isa literary work that aims to describe the life by displaying
disputes / conflicts and emotions through the scenes, dialogue and perfomed on
the stage based on the scenario and script. The six essential points of
drama :
1. Thought/Theme/Ideas
The theme of a drama refers to the central idea of the play. It can
either be clearly stated through dialog or action or can be inferred after
watching the entire performance.
2. Action/Plot
The order of events occurring in a play is referred to as the plot of the drama. It is the basic storyline that is narrated through a play. The entertainment one derives from a play depends largely on the sequence of events that occur in the story. The logical connection between the events and the characters, which enact the story form an integral part of the plot of drama.
3. Characters
These
are the people presented in the play that are involved in the perusing
plot. Each character should have their own distinct personality, age,
appearance, beliefs, socio economic background, and language.
4.Dialog
The
story of any play is taken forward by means of the dialog. The story is
narrated to the audiences through the dialog written by the playwright. The
success of a drama depends hugely on the contents of the dialog and the quality
of dialog delivery by the actors of the play.
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